Posts Tagged 'composting'

11 tips to cut your food waste

The festive season is just around the corner and for the next few weeks many of us will be planning a gathering or two. There are Christmas dinners, summer barbeques and New Years parties and with that – plenty of food. Last year Steplight addressed the issue of e-waste, this year we’re focusing on wasted food.

Food waste is a major issue in Australia and around the world and during the festive season this waste increases. A national poll commissioned by ‘Do something’ found that 59% of Australians admitted to wasting more food than usual over Christmas. This is a lot of waste, especially when you consider that at any other time of the year we discard up to one in every 5 shopping bags of food.

In fact about 3 million tonnes of food is driven to landfill in Australia each year. This not only wastes our money (about $616 per household per year), it also wastes resources and generates methane (a greenhouse gas more potent than CO2) as it rots away in landfill.

Food waste per person per year in Australia

Perhaps the biggest waste of all is that good food is being thrown away while others in our community will not have enough food to share with their families and friends.  The good news is, if we all minimise our food waste it can add up to make a big difference and this festive season is a great time to start.

The Worldwatch Institute (USA) recently published an article addressing food waste and foodwise.com.au is a great resource for tips on how to reduce your impact. Below is a summary of some useful tips.

Shop smart

  • Plan out a menu and try to get an idea of how many guests to expect so that you can prepare the correct amount of food. There are a few online portion calculators such as ‘Perfect Portions’ that can help you with this.
  • Write out a shopping list and make sure you check for ingredients in your kitchen before you head to the shops to avoid doubling up. Make sure you stick to your list. Making a shopping list that corresponds to your menu also means you less likely to miss something which saves you from making several trips to the shops.
  • There are plenty of ‘2 for 1’ deals and offers at Christmas time that could lead to purchasing more than what you need. Only buy the quantity you need.
  • Never shop while hungry as you are more likely to make impulse buys.

Serve smaller

  • The look of all your delicious food presented on the dinner table can lead your guests to feast with their eyes and pile loads of food (unlikely to be finished) onto their plates. The simple solution is to use smaller plates and utensils. Guests are welcome to seconds and leftovers remain in the serving plates and are more likely to be reused.
  • Encourage guests to serve themselves. This reduces the amount of unwanted food on their plates.

Save leftovers

  • Store leftovers safely so that they can be preserved for future meals. Leftovers are also more likely to be eaten if stored in several small containers that are convenient for quick meals on the go.
  • Leftover meals and ingredients can also be used to make new meals. For example, Christmas eve ham and roasted vegetable leftovers can be turned into a delicious Christmas day cheesy bake.
  • Compost your food scraps. This will stop your food from filling landfill and will instead fill you gardens with nutrients and fertilisers – read our composting blogs for more information.
  • If your party is catered, donate leftovers to a food recovery program. There are several programs running throughout Australia such as ‘Oz Harvest’ that collect leftovers from catered events, restaurants and cafe’s and distribute it to those in the community that need it most. This service is usually free for the donor.
  • While raiding your  kitchen for ingredients for your party, take note of any non-perishables that you won’t need or use and donate them to your local charity. Those few forgotten cans of food can be donated to a charity that makes up Christmas hampers for the disadvantaged during Christmas. Contact your local charity for more information.

    OzHarvest logo and phone number

    Many options now exist to reduce food waste at a commercial level (such as OzHarvest 'food rescue')

- Alegria Alano

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Compost and worm farms: it’s all good news (Part 2)

Worm farming is another great way to compost food scraps. Worms will eat about half their body weight each day. They eat most of your kitchen waste and turn it into high-quality fertiliser for your garden and potted plants.

Worm farms are made up of two or more stackable layers of waterproof ‘boxes’.

  • The upper layers have holes in the base to allow drainage into the bottom layer.
  • The upper layer is both the bedding layer where the worms live and the food layer where food scraps are added.
  • The bottom layer collects all liquid – the ‘worm wee’.

Worm farms can be bought or made. You can buy your worm farm from councils, nurseries or hardware outlets. They come in rectangular or circular designs with several layers. You can make your own from polystyrene boxes, other waterproof stackable boxes or even an old bathtub.

What to feed your worms

Do give them: food scraps such as vegetables and fruit, tea bags, egg shells, some bread, some pasta, hair, shredded paper and cardboard (pizza boxes and egg cartons), cooked potato & skins, vacuum cleaner dust, green garden clippings/leaves.

DO NOT feed your worms: oily food, chilli, meat, bones, fatty foods, dairy foods, raw onion, raw garlic. These foods will either burn them or are too hard for the worms to digest.

They will tolerate small amounts of the following foods mixed in with general food scraps: raw onion skins, raw garlic skins, raw potato & skins, citrus fruits.

Some solutions to common problems

Be careful not to drown your worms:

  • Allow proper drainage
  • Protect layer above drainage tray with fine mesh to stop worms falling through into the ‘worm wee’.

Don’t over-feed your worms:

  • Feed them small amounts regularly to allow time for scraps to be eaten before getting mouldy.

Don’t let your worms and worm farm dry out:

  • Worms need to be kept moist and cool, the farm needs good drainage and should be watered periodically to keep it moist.

Don’t overheat or allow your worm farm to get too cold:

  • In summer place your worm farm out of full sun,
  • In winter either cover your worm farm with a ‘blanket’ (old blanket/hessian/carpet) or place in a sunny spot.

A well-functioning worm farm does not smell and can be stored in a garage, laundry or on a balcony.

Harvesting from your worm farm

Worm castings are the worm poo collected in the upper layers of your worm farm.

  • They are a highly nitrous fertilizer containing much more nitrogen, phosphorous, magnesium, potash and calcium than found in topsoil.
  • They can be used dug straight into the garden or pot.
  • A handful put in a watering can and filled with water makes a great liquid fertilizer for all your garden and potted plants.

Worm wee is what you harvest from the bottom layer of your worm farm.

  • It is a great liquid fertilizer.
  • It is often dark brown or black and needs to be diluted to the colour of weak tea to use on your plants.

That was Part 2… read Part 1 here: Compost and worm farms: it’s all good news

- Marta Lett

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Compost and worm farms: it’s all good news (Part 1)

Compost is one of the most valuable resources you can make for your garden. From small potted gardens to large backyards a worm farm will give you concentrated fertilisers suitable for all types of gardens.

The benefits are a long list of great news for the environment and will save you money in the process.

Benefits of composting

  • Less rubbish in landfill
  • Less methane production (a potent greenhouse gas)
  • Free fertiliser for your garden
  • Improves water retention of sandy soils
  • Improves drainage in clay soils
  • Prevents surface crusting of silty soils
  • Increases aeration in compacted soils
  • Keeps soils cooler in summer and warmer in winter
  • Gardens requiring less watering
  • Is useful as a fertiliser, a soil conditioner and as a mulch
  • Recycle your kitchen scraps
  • Recycle your grass clippings, garden prunings and autumn leaves
  • Recycle your newspapers, egg cartons, toilet rolls and pizza boxes

Getting your compost balance right

All compost bins, or heaps, should lie on a soil base and need a balance of materials that:

  • are high in nitrogen (eg blood and bone, chicken manure)
  • contain carbon (eg dried leaves, shredded newspaper)
  • contain both carbon and nitrogen (eg kitchen scraps, pea straw and green garden prunings).

A well-balanced compost consists of two materials – wet and dry, green and brown or fresh and dead.

Dry / brown / dead material includes: shredded newspaper, autumn leaves, pea straw, shredded cardboard, dry manure (but not cat or dog manure), or even a couple of shovels of garden soil.

Wet / green / fresh material includes: kitchen scraps, green leaves, garden clippings, coffee grounds, tea bags, fresh manure and grass clippings.

The proportions aren’t crucial, but generally for each bucket of wet material, it’s important to add a bucket and a half of dry material.

Fixing composting problems

Avoid putting in compost: animal meats and fats, dairy products, animal manure, glossy magazines, bones, diseased plants, weed seeds

If too wet or smelly add more dry or brown materials and allow the compost to aerate by turning it over.

If too dry or not generating much heat it may need more wet or green materials.

Read Part 2 of compost and worm farms: it’s all good news.

- Marta Lett

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